Water Heater Reference Tool
Water Heater Age Decoder
Pick the brand, paste the serial number, and get the manufacture date with a character-by-character explanation, the tank's age, and what that means for the warranty call. Where a serial genuinely carries two possible dates, this tool shows both rather than choosing.
What a Water Heater Serial Actually Encodes
A water heater serial carries a date, not a capacity. That makes it the one number on the tank worth decoding carefully: it sets the warranty position and it is the first input to a repair-or-replace decision. It is also the number the printed charts get wrong most often, because several manufacturers reuse their letters on a cycle.
Bradford White: a 20-year letter cycle
The first character is the year, the second is the month, and the rest is a sequential production number. Bradford White states it does not use I, O, Q, R, U or V in the year column, which leaves exactly 20 letters, which is why every letter repeats every 20 years.
| Letter | Possible years | Letter | Possible years |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | 1984, 2004, 2024 | L | 1994, 2014 |
| B | 1985, 2005, 2025 | M | 1995, 2015 |
| C | 1986, 2006, 2026 | N | 1996, 2016 |
| D | 1987, 2007 | P | 1997, 2017 |
| E | 1988, 2008 | S | 1998, 2018 |
| F | 1989, 2009 | T | 1999, 2019 |
| G | 1990, 2010 | W | 2000, 2020 |
| H | 1991, 2011 | X | 2001, 2021 |
| J | 1992, 2012 | Y | 2002, 2022 |
| K | 1993, 2013 | Z | 2003, 2023 |
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | J | K | L | M |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
Rheem, Ruud and Richmond: two formats, split at 2012
Rheem service bulletin 1207 documents both. Pre-2012 rating labels carry ten characters: two digits of month, two digits of year, a plant line code letter, then a five digit consecutive serial. From April 2012, as each plant migrated, the label changed to a plant identification letter followed by two digits of week, two digits of year and the sequence, sometimes with a letter suffix marking a conversion, and usually behind a product prefix printed on the label.
That prefix is the trap. The bulletin's written key gives the serial as Q231299996, but the rating-label photograph in the same document reads RHLNQ231299996. A decoder built from the written key alone refuses the serial the manufacturer itself photographed.
Worked Examples
Bradford White AH12345678
A is the year letter and H is the month letter, so this is August. The production number is 8 digits, which Bradford White documents as December 2007 or later, and that eliminates both 1984 and 2004. One year survives: August 2024.
Bradford White DA1234567
D is the year letter and A is January. The production number is 7 digits, which means before December 2007, and both 1987 and 2007 satisfy that. Two real answers survive, so the tool publishes January 1987 or January 2007 and no age. The date printed on the rating plate is what settles it.
Rheem 0912D01234
The pre-2012 format: 09 is the month, 12 is the year, D is the plant line code and 01234 is the consecutive serial. That is September 2012.
Rheem RHLNQ231299996
The 2012-onward format behind a product prefix. RHLN is the prefix, Q is the Nuevo Laredo plant, 23 is the week and 12 is the year: week 23 of 2012. Week decodes are reported as an approximate month, never an exact day.
The Documents Behind Every Rule
Each scheme below names the document it was read from, the host that publishes it, the date it was fetched, and the md5 and byte count of the bytes read, so a later reader can prove they are looking at the same document. Where a document contradicts itself, the contradiction is printed rather than smoothed.
bw-letter-cycle
- My Water Heater (Determine The Age of My Water Heater) (bradfordwhite.com/my-water-heater/#age-of-water-heater), Live consumer page, retrieved 2026-07-25. Published on bradfordwhite.com, fetched 2026-07-25, md5 a3dbbf36394e55cd84c80577b47d7c98, 92,525 bytes.
- Determining The Age Of A Water Heater (For the Pro bulletin, posted 05/24/2020 (updated 07/19/2024)), Retrieved 2026-07-25. Published on forthepro.bradfordwhite.com, fetched 2026-07-25, md5 1d15131b660135662614295f5651fb67, 126,929 bytes.
- How to read the serial number date code reference chart? (bradfordwhite.com FAQ), Retrieved 2026-07-25. Published on bradfordwhite.com, fetched 2026-07-25, md5 64c7c2f5fbe91c48d3a8654625c45727, 76,521 bytes.
"The first two characters of the serial number represent the year and month of manufacture. The remainder of the serial is a sequential production number, seven digits in length before December 2007 (DM), and eight digits in length after."
Defect in the document: Bradford White publishes THREE different year tables across its own pages and they do not agree. The consumer page prints A = 2004 or 2024 through Z = 2023 or 2043. The pro bulletin prints a first table whose A row reads A = 2004 or 2024 while every other row of that same table is the older window (B = 1985 or 2005), and then a second table that is entirely the older window (A = 1984 or 2004 through Z = 2003 or 2023). The pro bulletin's first table is therefore internally inconsistent: its A row was rolled forward twenty years and the other nineteen rows were not. How we handle it: None of the three windows is treated as authoritative. The letter is read as a position in a 20-letter cycle anchored at A = 2004, and EVERY year in that cycle from 1984 to the current year is generated as a candidate. That reproduces all three published tables rather than choosing between them, and it is why the tool can still be right after Bradford White rolls the window again.
Defect in the document: The digit rule's boundary month is not resolved. "Seven digits before December 2007 (DM), eight digits after" does not say which length December 2007 itself carries. How we handle it: December 2007 is admitted under BOTH lengths, so the boundary month is never used to eliminate a candidate. The cost is one extra ambiguous case; the alternative is silently excluding a real year on a reading the document does not support.
rheem-pre-2012
- How to Locate and Read Rheem/Ruud/Richmond Serial Numbers (Technical Service Bulletin 1207 (1207.doc), page 1), 2 pages, undated on its face; describes changes effective April 2 and June 4, 2012. Published on rheem.com, bytes served by cdn.globalimageserver.com (FetchDocument.aspx?ID=67e23d33-c085-48fa-8aa8-eab53d38296b), reached from https://www.rheem.com/whtechbulletins/, fetched 2026-07-25, md5 bc12e633adf9f7720a520a4a35ec3baf, 361,294 bytes.
Page 1 prints the worked example "09 | 12 | D | 01234" above the labels "Month Manufactured | Year Manufactured | Plant Line Code | Consecutive Serial Number".
Defect in the document: Page 1 says the ten-digit format applies to "all rating labels", and page 2 of the same document then describes a different format replacing it from April 2012. The word "all" is scoped by the page that follows it. The document also says "ten digits" for a string whose fifth character is a letter. How we handle it: The pre-2012 pattern is matched only when the serial is digits-first, which is disjoint from the 2012-onward letters-first shape, so the two schemes cannot claim the same serial. No upper bound is imposed on this format: the bulletin says each plant migrated "as they are migrated to Oracle" and gives no completion date, so inventing an end date would be inventing a refusal.
rheem-2012
- How to Locate and Read Rheem/Ruud/Richmond Serial Numbers (Technical Service Bulletin 1207 (1207.doc)), 2 pages, undated on its face; describes changes effective April 2 and June 4, 2012. Published on rheem.com, bytes served by cdn.globalimageserver.com (FetchDocument.aspx?ID=67e23d33-c085-48fa-8aa8-eab53d38296b), reached from https://www.rheem.com/whtechbulletins/, fetched 2026-07-25, md5 bc12e633adf9f7720a520a4a35ec3baf, 361,294 bytes.
"Effective April 2, 2012 product being produced in Mexicali started using a new rating label... You will notice a different format based on the week and year of manufacture." Worked examples: "M141209135 Mexicali plant, week 14, 2012" and "Q231299996 Nuevo Laredo plant, week 23, 2012".
Defect in the document: The bulletin's prose example is the bare serial Q231299996, but the rating-label photograph on the same page reads SERIAL NO. RHLNQ231299996. The real label carries a four-character product prefix ahead of the plant code that the written key never mentions. This was visible only in the rastered page; the text extraction drops it. How we handle it: The 2012-onward pattern accepts an optional leading letter run and reads the plant code as the LAST letter before the digits, so both the bulletin's bare example and the label's prefixed form decode. Anchoring on the plant letter would have refused real equipment.
Defect in the document: The bulletin's own example disagrees with its own label photograph by about a week. It reads Q231299996 as "week 23, 2012", while the pictured label prints MFG. DATE: 30MAY2012, which falls in week 22 on an ISO calendar. Rheem's manufacturing week numbering is not stated on the document. How we handle it: Week-format decodes are published as an approximate month and never as an exact day, and the tool says the week is approximate. A one-week manufacturing-calendar offset does not move the month in most cases and never moves the year, which is what the warranty and age questions turn on.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I tell how old my water heater is from the serial number?
The first characters of the serial number carry the date. Bradford White uses a year letter followed by a month letter; Rheem, Ruud and Richmond use either a month-then-year pair of digit groups on pre-2012 labels, or a plant letter followed by week and year on labels from 2012 onward. Enter the serial above and the tool shows the date, the age, and which characters it read to get there, or tells you that this particular serial cannot be resolved to a single date.
Why does the tool sometimes refuse to give one date?
Because the serial genuinely does not contain one. Bradford White's year letters run through a 20-letter cycle, so the same letter means 1987 and 2007, and will mean 2027. Where the production number's length does not settle which, more than one real answer survives and picking the newer one would be a guess. A wrong year here drives a warranty claim and a repair-or-replace decision, so the tool shows both and says the rating plate settles it.
Why do the printed Bradford White charts disagree with each other?
They are 20-year windows onto the same repeating cycle, published at different times. Bradford White's consumer page currently prints A = 2004 or 2024, while its For the Pro bulletin prints A = 1984 or 2004. Those two are each honest snapshots of one cycle. The bulletin's FIRST table is a different matter: its A row was rolled forward twenty years and its other nineteen rows were not, so that table is internally inconsistent rather than merely dated, and the receipt on this page says so. This tool reads the letter as a position in the cycle and generates every year that position can mean, which is why it does not go stale when the window rolls again.
Which brands does this cover?
Covered today: Bradford White, Rheem, Ruud and Richmond. Not yet covered: A.O. Smith, State and Reliance. A brand appears here only once we have read its date code off that manufacturer's own document. Where we have not, the tool says so rather than borrowing another manufacturer's scheme, because a scheme applied to the wrong brand returns a confident wrong year.
Does the decoded date tell me whether the heater is still under warranty?
It tells you the input, not the answer. Rheem's service bulletin 1207 says of Rheem, Ruud and Richmond: "Your warranty is based on the date of manufacture and the warranty code listed in the model number." That is one manufacturer's statement about its own products, so this tool shows it only on those three brands. For any brand, take the decoded date to the manufacturer's warranty verification; their answer is the one that settles a claim.
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Tank dated out? Size the replacement circuit.
A heater at or past its service life is a replacement conversation, and a heat pump water heater rarely lands on the circuit the old tank used. Size the breaker and the wire before the truck rolls.